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Abstract:The tooth is a complex structure made up of mineralized tissues—including enamel,
dentin, and cementum—along with soft tissues such as the dental pulp and
periodontal ligament. Preserving the integrity of these components is crucial for
maintaining oral health. However, various harmful habits, such as smoking, alcohol
consumption, betel nut chewing, and other behavioral oral habits, can significantly
affect dental well-being. Smoking and alcohol use are linked to both systemic
diseases and oral health deterioration. Tobacco use, in particular, is a wellestablished risk factor for periodontal disease, tooth discoloration, and increased
susceptibility to cavities. The relationship between these detrimental habits and
dental health is complex, involving microbial alterations, reduced salivary flow, and
direct chemical effects on tooth structure. This review examines the impact of these
habits on dental health, explores the underlying mechanisms, and discusses
strategies for prevention and management. |