This study investigated the effectiveness of automated written corrective feedback (AWCF) in supporting learning of English as a foreign language (EFL) among undergraduate students in Saudi tertiary education, with particular focus on how learners responded to and benefited from AWCF. Drawing on a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from students’ written drafts before and after using AWCF, as well as from a structured questionnaire designed to capture their perceptions and patterns of engagement. The findings revealed that AWCF significantly assisted students in identifying and revising grammatical and spelling errors, supporting claims about AWCF utility in enhancing surface-level linguistic accuracy. Moreover, students exhibited strong engagement with the tool, critically assessing its feedback- particularly in instances involving local proper nouns and context-specific language use. While students generally trusted AWCF, they did not accept all suggestions uncritically, reflecting the development of self-monitoring skills and greater writing autonomy. The findings underscore the essential role of teacher alongside AWCF, particularly in addressing higher-order writing concerns and promoting students’ critical thinking. The study recommends an integrated feedback approach that combines the advantages of both AWCF and teacher feedback to enhance learning outcomes.

Regional disparities in English education in various parts of China are apparent among students at senior high schools in the province of Sichuan, China. However, it is crucial to reach consistently high English standards across China to advance China’s economic development. To investigate the implementation of English curriculum standards (ECS) management in schools, this study used structural equation modelling to examine linguistic, teaching, social and assessment factors. Using a simple random-sampling technique, 384 respondents, including administrators, teachers and students from senior high schools in the urban and rural areas of Sichuan, completed a questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Science IBM-Analysis of Moment Structure. The findings showed that all four factors positively impacted the ECS, leading to gaps between the urban and rural education systems. These findings are instructive in terms of their contribution to means of improving curriculum development, implementation, and the application of English education in China.

Introduction: Undergraduate Emergency Medicine education requires innovative methodologies that enhance the acquisition of clinical competencies and student engagement. Clinical simulation and gamification are emerging strategies with promising applications in this context. Method: This Integrative Literature Review was conducted through a systematic search in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, and SciELO databases, including publications from 2020 to 2025 in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. Empirical studies investigating the use of clinical simulation and gamification in Emergency Medicine education and evaluating their pedagogical and clinical impacts were selected. Results: A total of 20 studies were included, demonstrating the effectiveness of clinical simulation in promoting active learning, formative assessment, and the development of technical and interpersonal skills. Gamification was found to be effective in increasing motivation, personalizing learning, and facilitating the integration of complex content, although contextual implementation remains challenging. Discussion: Clinical simulation stands out as an essential tool for students’ integral development by combining technical and ethical dimensions. Gamification, in turn, enhances the attractiveness and adaptability of the educational process but requires solid pedagogical grounding and curricular alignment. Methodological limitations and the need for longitudinal studies were identified. Final considerations: The findings highlight the transformative potential of these methodologies for medical education, emphasizing the importance of their reflective and structured incorporation into curricula. Investment in faculty development and further research is recommended to deepen the understanding of the real impact of these strategies on clinical practice.

The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool—the Pictorial Values Scale for Children (PVSC)—to assess the level of awareness of values among preschool and primary school-aged children. Conducted using a descriptive survey design, the research process included the stages of content validity assessment, pilot testing, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). To establish content validity, expert opinions were obtained from ten specialists in the fields of values education, child development, and educational measurement and evaluation. A pilot study was then conducted with 250 primary school students, followed by EFA performed on data collected from a sample of 517 students. Results from the EFA revealed a two-factor structure comprising Social and Societal Values (SSV) and Personal, Moral, and Emotional Values (PMEV). This structure was further validated through CFA conducted with an independent sample of 500 students. The scale includes a total of 15 values: friendship, love, respect, patriotism, responsibility, justice, helpfulness, self-control, patience, honesty, compassion, diligence, empathy, family, and kindness. For each value, the scale includes five items—three correct and two distractors—evaluated using a symbol-based pictorial Likert-type format appropriate for children. In the net scoring system, points obtained from distractor items are subtracted from the total score to determine the student’s ability to correctly recognize and differentiate the value. The findings indicate that the PVSC demonstrates acceptable levels of content validity, construct validity, and internal consistency. The CFA fit indices (CFI = .98, RMSEA = .060, SRMR = .039) confirm the robustness of the two-factor model. In conclusion, the Pictorial Values Scale for Children is presented as a valid, reliable, and original instrument for measuring children's awareness of values.

This study developed a valid and reliable instrument to assess school effectiveness (SE) based on Sammons, P. (1995) characteristics of effective schools. The sample of the study consists of 500 teachers who are chosen using multistage cluster sampling technique from primary schools in China. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) has been carried out by using data of 100 teachers. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) validated the constructs, while Cronbach’s Alpha confirmed item reliability. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) values (0.6–1) demonstrated sampling adequacy. For the second phase of the study. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) has been carried out toward data of 500 teachers. The analysis revealed that the eleven constructs explained over 50% of the total variance, with individual constructs contributing variances ranging from 54.897% to 86.345%. The final instrument retained 58 items, achieving good model fit indices (RMSEA = .061, CFI = .909, GFI = .902, x²/df = 2.794). Convergent validity was supported by factor loadings ranging from .76 to .94, while subscale correlations (.66 to .77) confirmed discriminant validity. The instrument also demonstrated strong internal consistency, with an overall reliability value of .94 and construct-specific values between .72 and .93. These results indicate that the instrument is a reliable and effective tool for measuring school effectiveness, particularly in educational research and practice in rural primary schools.

Pierre Beron is eminent Bulgarian teacher, doctor, Maecenas, and author from Bulgarian Renaissance. We compare the content of his textbook with official program on physics and mathematics after the Bulgarian Liberation.

The emissions gases released from metal casting process and affect the workers and human health. Therefore, in metal casting process, the Pollution Control Devices are used to avoid the harmful effect from released emissions gases. Many researches are going to reduce the harmful effect from in released emissions gases. More research work various ways of practice and effective survey was conducted among metal casting industries in the Tamilnadu and all over the India. From the literature survey, the most some of the Pollution Control Devices are used to reduce the released emissions gases effects and the data collected from this survey indicated that the metal casting industries in Tamilnadu have installed Pollution Control Devices such as cartridge filter, wet scrubber, wet plug collectors, dry plug collector, and a cyclone. From analyzing the all-Pollution Control Devices, the cartridge filter is the best pollution free controller of released emissions gases from metal casting process.

The study aimed to examine students’ problem-solving skills through mixed instruction (variation theory based GeoGebra assisted problem-solving instructional approaches). A total of 125 students divided into four intact groups participated in the study. The study employed a quasi-experimental research design. Three intact groups were randomly assigned as a treatment group, while one group was taken as a comparison group. Each of the groups took a specific instructional approach, while the comparison group proceeded as usual without any changes to the instructional process for all sessions. Both pre and post problem-solving tests were administered to all groups. To analyze the data and examine the differences (if any) in each group, ANCOVA and Paired samples ttests were employed. There was a significant mean difference between student’s pre-test and post-test in their conceptual understanding of each treatment group. Furthermore, the mixed treatment had a large mean difference. Teachers are recommended to give attention in using mixed teaching approaches of variation theory with geogebra assisted problem solving for students’ better understanding. Administrators should emphasize launching GeoGebra software through IT labs in schools, and government officials should appreciate the implementation of technology in schools.

This study focuses on the study of the compartment of the synchronous inductor machine with variable speed, fed by a three-phase inverter. Several transients were treated by simulation (start unloading, introducing a torque load, reversing and speed change). Then engine cushion at both loss and when starting without the damper. In addition, robustness tests on the parametric variation of (MSRB) were also performed. Based on the results of simulations, the control technique studied makes it possible to obtain good dynamic and static performances and has a robustness with respect to the external perturbation and the parametric variation.

Natural coloring matter extracted from Saffron plant (Crocussativus) used for dyeing silk and poly amide fibers by conventional and microwave heating methods. Dyeing conditions as dye extracted quantity, dye concentration, pH values, temperature and time of dyeing were studied. The silk and poly amide fibers were pretreated with chitosan of different concentrations. Chitosan pre-treatment were carried out instead of mordant. Color strength (K/S) values was measured for dyed silk and poly amide fibers. The effect of the antimicrobial activity towards some kinds of bacteria and fungi were also assessed and the results obtained exhibits high inhibition percent. The results obtained showed that fastness properties such as light, washing, rubbing and perspiration of treated dyed fibers are higher than the untreated. The results of dye extraction and color strength (K/S) of silk and poly amide fibers exhibited that microwave heating method is more effective than conventional method. Dyeing by microwave heating method saving time and energy as shown from the results, it is economical method and eco-friendly, it is also produce a higher dye uptake as compared to conventional method. The results show that, the treated fibers exhibited higher results than the untreated. Natural dyes were used as substitute of synthetic dyes because it is non-polluting, and involve inexpensive equipment and small-scale operations.

In this study, the hydrogen concentration distribution along the depth direction of the hydrogen-charged specimens was analyzed, and the results were compared among the three different hydrogen sulfide concentrations and four different corrosion periods. Moreover, the hydrogen concentration distribution along the depth direction of the hydrogen-charged specimens was calculated using the model based on Fick's second law. The depth variations of experimental hydrogen concentration distribution and theoretical value were compared with various corrosion periods. Hydrogen saturated value and hydrogen saturated layer (HSL) of specimens were obtained, and the thickness of HSL increased as the corrosion period increased in metals.

The Baptism (El-Maghtas) site located north to the Dead Sea at the eastern bank of the Jordan River. There are many excavations in the surrounding area revealed different archaeological remains which indicates the location “John the Baptist”. He lived and preached in the early 1st Century A.D. who is famous for John the Baptist baptized Jesus. The archaeological excavations reveals walls, antiqueties, ancient water system includes such conduits, pools, and ancient pottery pipe. The Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey was carried out at selective locations along parallel profiles at the study using a Subsurface Interface Radar System (SIRvoyer-20) with either 400 MHz or 900 MHz mono-static shielded antennas manufactured by Geophysical Survey Systems Inc to delineate possible shallow archaeological material at shallow depth. The GPR radar-gram profiles revealed different subsurface anomalies across all sites. At John the Baptist Church site buried wall were detected along profiles, the GPR survey recognized shallow wall and shallow buried channel at the pools site. At Elijah's Hill site the GPR data confirmed the extension of an ancient pottery pipe. Basically the clear diffraction hyperbola anomaly related to the ancient pottery pipe could be discriminated from the 2D profiles. The GPR data was displaced using 3D imaging to define the horizontal and the vertical extent of the pipe.