BACKGROUND: Down Syndrome is a genetic disorder and the most common chromosomal abnormality. It is predominantly characterized by muscle hypotonia and joint hypermobility. Gait analysis is a systematic study of human locomotion that involves evaluating body motions, body mechanics and muscle activity. OBJECTIVE: To analyse “Two-Dimensional Analysis of Gait Parameters in Children with Down Syndrome. METHODOLOGY: Non-experimental study, convenient sampling, sample size was 12. Participants both boys and girls were selected with age group of 6- 12 years were included in the study. PROCEDURE: 12 Participants were selected according to age group with Down Syndrome. And were asked to walk in a 5 meter’s track, their gait was captured using a Nikon D3300 camera that captures video at 60 frames per second in 1080p in MPEG-4 camera and gait analysis was performed using GaitOn software. Spatiotemporal and kinematics variables were assessed by using 2D gait analysis with software from Auptimo technologies. RESULTS: Gait analysis of Down Syndrome children’s significant difference in ankle plantar flexion, knee hyperextension and hip flexion in lateral view and in anterior view shows knee adduction, in posterior view shows ipsilateral pelvic drop and rear foot eversion at p<0.05. CONCLUSION: This study concludes the Down Syndrome children shows marked changes in ankle, knee, hip joint, knee abduction/adduction, pelvic drop, rear foot angle and Spatiotemporal parameters.

Contemporary job market requires graduates to have comprehensive interdisciplinary knowledge and skills in order to be able to apply different approaches to solving problems in the modern workplace. Interdisciplinary education is believed to have an impact on preparing graduates to view things from different perspectives and apply higher-order thinking and analytical skills in a current and futuristic work environment. The purpose of this study is to explore faculty perspectives on the impact of interdisciplinary education on preparing students for future careers. The study was conducted using a qualitative case study of a federal university in the United Arab Emirates. The paradigmatic position was interpretive. Thirteen faculty members who are currently teaching interdisciplinary courses were purposely selected to take part in semi-structured interviews. It was found that interdisciplinary education provided various work-related graduate attributes and skills that prepared them for the evolving work environment. The study concludes that interdisciplinary education plays an indispensable role in getting graduates ready for work and is also influential in their selection of career choices.

This study explores the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary social studies curriculum designed for gifted seventh-grade students, focusing on climate crisis, global citizenship, and sustainability themes. Grounded in the urgency of environmental education, the curriculum integrates scientific, technological, and social knowledge to foster critical and creative thinking. Utilizing an action research methodology, the study involved iterative planning, implementation, observation, and reflection cycles with twelve gifted students in a Turkish Science and Art Center (SAC). Data were collected through digital portfolios, performance tasks, rubrics, and student reflections. The findings revealed increased environmental awareness, improved data literacy, enhanced empathy through drama activities, and effective use of technology in sustainability projects. Students developed and partially implemented personal eco-action plans. The study contributes to the field by offering a scalable model of interdisciplinary education tailored to gifted learners, highlighting the need for sustainable and student-centered practices in curriculum design. Recommendations for teacher training and policy support are also presented.

Classroom teaching and students' learning have been widely concerned. To support the implementation of effective classroom teaching, this study examines the current state of instructional practices and student learning by surveying 541 college students. The questionnaire is divided into three main aspects, in which students are asked to assess their learning experience in college: motivations for choosing their major, their learning status, classroom performance, and feedback from teachers. Research results show that the motivation for choosing undergraduate majors positively affects students' learning. However, if teachers do not continue to provide the necessary guidance and high-quality courses to students, they will lose interest in their majors. For freshmen, teachers should be more concerned about their learning status, because they have the lowest adaptability to university learning. In addition, we also find that dumb classroom teaching, performing classroom teaching, still exists, and classroom teaching efficiency is low. Further analysis indicates that the teaching effectiveness of teachers, including teacher-student communication, positive motivation from teachers to students, and the content of their teaching, has a direct effect on students' learning. The low efficiency of classroom teaching is primarily attributed to an underdeveloped and ineffective classroom ecological environment. In the concluding section, this paper proposes a set of targeted strategies to rebuild and enhance the classroom teaching ecology, aiming to foster more effective teaching and meaningful student engagement.

In this study, shielding performance and pressure drop of the honeycomb, square and circular ventilation holes in a microwave furnace, which is operated at 2450 MHz, were evaluated. The effect of hole diameter, hole to hole distance and hole depth to the shielding and pressure drop were considered as variables. A simulation model prepared on Comsol Multiphysics v.5.2a and the results compared with the theoretical equations. The pressure drop and shielding performance decreases and increases with increasing hole diameter and hole to hole distance, respectively. Increasing hole depth causes a reduction in pressure drop but it enhances the shielding performance.

This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the prominent works of the representatives of European Baroque literature and highlight the significant impact and rich contributions of translated Baroque literature to the literary heritage. European Baroque literature is notable for its focus on detail and ornate, imaginative language, delving into philosophical ideas, religious and mystical subjects, which were also pivotal in this period. Baroque poets explored political and satirical themes, challenging dominant ideologies and societal conventions. The study of the plot-thematic and linguistic-stylistic "portrait" of each ethnocultural European Baroque tradition involves the usage of a specific system of analytical methods, which includes literary-historical analysis, interpretative analysis, literary-biographical analysis, and translation analysis. The research material focuses on five European Baroque linguistic and cultural traditions: French, German, Polish, British, and Ukrainian. These linguistic cultures were chosen because Ukrainian Baroque was established and evolved to some extent under the influence of both direct and indirect translations of works predominantly from these European literary traditions. Ukrainian baroque literature covered topics related to Ukrainian national identity, history, and cultural heritage, in part, by celebrating the resilience and spirit of the Ukrainian people. In general, the Baroque period in Ukraine marks an era of prosperity for religious and philosophical writings, with authors like I. Velychkovsky and H. Skovoroda delving into questions of faith, morality, and human existence. Many Baroque writers contributed to the neo-baroque revival by reintroducing and reinterpreting English metaphysical poets. Contemporary artistic trends reinforce complexity, dispersion, indeterminacy, and approximation. This connection explains why neobaroque is often associated with postmodernism. At the same time, it clarifies the distinction between a true neo-baroque aesthetic, which integrates the principles of Baroque art, and mere Baroque revivalism, which imitates its visual style without adopting its deeper artistic philosophy. Ultimately, the transhistorical and transcultural continuity of Baroque and neo-baroque raises the challenge of theorizing their emergence and the process of re-origination in all humanitarian spheres of human activity, including literature. The translation of European Baroque literature represents a vital aspect of spirit and form, characterized by excess, complexity, fragmentation, and aesthetic experimentation, gaining renewed significance in contemporary postmodern culture. From a historically cultural perspective, translating Baroque literature ensures the preservation and continuity of cultural and literary heritage across generations. It allows future audiences to access and appreciate significant works of the past, fostering a sense of cultural continuity and identity. Rather than being a relic of the past, Baroque literature serves as a lens through which postmodern society understands complexity, instability, and the spectacle of the present world.

This theoretical literature review explores essential strategies for enhancing workforce capacity within the local government context of Mpumalanga, South Africa. Utilizing a qualitative methodology, the review synthesizes existing literature sourced from prominent academic search engines, including Google Scholar, JSTOR, and EBSCOhost. Relevant data and insights were gathered from authoritative sources such as Statistics South Africa, local municipalities, the Office of the Auditor-General, the Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs (COGTA), CENSUS, and various survey reports. The literature search was conducted using key terms including "workforce empowerment," "learning and development," "local government," "Mpumalanga," and "capacity building, and cultivating competence." Inclusion criteria were established to focus on literature published in the last decade, emphasizing peerreviewed articles and policy documents relevant to workforce strategies in local governance. Exclusion criteria filtered out resources that did not specifically address the South African context or lacked empirical support. This review reveals critical findings, indicating that effective learning and development strategies, such as tailored training programs, mentorship initiatives, and performance management systems, significantly enhance workforce competence and empowerment. The analysis highlights the importance of integrating stakeholder involvement and continuous feedback mechanisms in developing these strategies. Based on the findings, the authors recommend a holistic approach to workforce development, advocating for collaborative partnerships between government agencies, educational institutions, and local communities to ensure sustainable empowerment and capacity building in the local government sector of Mpumalanga.

Aim and Objective: This study aimed to rigorously evaluate the effectiveness of Kinesio tape in reducing postoperative trismus, edema, and pain following the surgical extraction of mandibular third molars. Materials and Methods Patients with an impacted mandibular third molar of similar difficulty index were enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups using a lottery system. The study group received postoperative extra-oral Kinesio tape application, while the control group followed the institutional standard protocol, which included preoperative intravenous Dexamethasone (8 mg). The clinical outcome parameters assessed were: Postoperative edema, mouth opening, and pain. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and independent ttests (p < 0.05) with SPSS 26.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Results A total of 40 patients (17 males and 23 females) with a mean age of 22.7 years were enrolled in the study. Both groups exhibited comparable postoperative edema. Mouth opening was observed to be normal in both groups by the third and seventh postoperative days. However, the steroid group demonstrated greater improvement in mouth opening. Pain levels were similar in both groups on the third postoperative day, with minimal pain reported at the end of the first week [Mean VAS: 2.3 (test group) vs 1.5 (control group)]. Conclusion Kinesio taping, when used alongside anti-inflammatory medications, is a non- invasive and effective approach for managing postoperative pain and edema while aiding mouth opening recovery. However, steroid therapy demonstrated superior outcomes, particularly in enhancing mouth opening. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term benefits and potential synergistic effects of these treatment modalities.

In this article, we will present an unsupervised approach for segmenting skin lesion images based on texture\nfeatures. The texture features of the image are defined based on energy frequencies as implemented using a statistical\nmethod known as Gabor filters.\nGabor filters are optimized by tuning the parameters with the shark smell optimization method as a new renowned\noptimization algorithm. Each Gabor filter in the bank is adjusted to detect patterns of a specific frequency and orientation\nwhen convolved with a lesion image. The convolution is performed in the Fourier domain and the resulting response\nimage is a feature which is added to the feature vector. Finally, K-means segmentation is employed to segment lesion\nfrom normal skin one in the image. Experimental results show that the proposed diagnosis model is quite effective and\npromising for skin lesion diagnosis for medical use.

This research utilized biofilms as a model in ecotoxicology to remove selected heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn and Pb) from wastewater in a static condition. Biofilms were grown in three graded concentrations of the metal leachates (0.625, 0.417 and 0.250 %), harvested after 1, 2 and 3 weeks and analyzed for heavy metals. Mean accumulations peaked on Day 21, and of Cd ranged from 0.000 to 0.040 (mean=0.00837±0.002), Cu from 0.000 to 0.212 (meam=0.03929±0.012), Cr from 0.000 to 0.500 (mean=0.05821±0.021), Zn from 0.000 to 1.456 (mean=0.31833±0.109) and Pb from 0.000 to 0.099 (mean=0.02129±0.006) mg/g in resultant biofilm formations. Accumulation of the metals increased significantly with time [F(205.59)>Fcrit(3.95)] at the 95% confidence interval. Those of Pb was significantly higher in the 0.625% leachate mixture than control (Sig F=0.034) at P<0.05, even as those of Cd and Cu were slightly higher in the concentrations than control. Biofilm model removed small amounts of metals from wastewater stream in static condition.

A bond graph model of a two degrees of freedom PUMA is described. System inversion gives the system input required to generate a given system output. In order to get the system inversion of the PUMA manipulator, a linearization of the nonlinear bond graph is obtained. Hence, the bicausality of the linearized bond graph of the PUMA manipulator is applied. Thus, the bicausal bond graph provide a systematic way of generating the equations of the system inversion. Simulations results to verify the calculated input for a given output are shown.

In this study, different aerial parts of Monotheca Buxifolia were screened for their antibacterial, antifungal, phytotoxic and anti-oxidant activity. Extract of fruits has most active against P. mirabilis, MSSA and M. morganii strains. Moreover, methanolic extract of fruits demonstrated good antibacterial properties against VRSA, S. aureus and Acinetobacter. Despite good antibacterial properties Monotheca buxifolia has low antifungal activity. The pet ether extract of fruit has good cytotoxic, which was most active causing 60% of lethality, with LD50 of 3.307 against Artemia salina larvae. Highest scavenging activity was shown by the methanolic leaves extract in concentration dependent pattern. Findings from this study suggest that Monotheca Buxifolia has good antibacterial, antioxidant potential but has low antifungal properties.

In the present investigation, concentration of trace elements (Cd, Ni, Zn and\nCu) were studied in two aquatic plants A. donax and T. latifolia, sediment and water in\nDjendjen River (North Eastern Algeria). The concentrations of trace elements were lower\nin water than in the sediment. The distribution of trace elements in water and sediment\nfollows: Ni>Zn>Cd>Cu and Zn>Ni>Cu>Cd, respectively. The water sample analysis from\nthe Djendjen River shown that the total concentrations of Cu, Ni, Cd, and Zn were lower\naccording to the references. In comparison, sediment mean metal concentrations with\nseveral environmental contamination parameters, such as : probable effect level (PEC)\nand background levels, indicates that the concentrations of all investigated elements are\nless than PEC except Ni, but high than the background levels. In studied plants, metal\nconcentrations depending on plant organs and species. Overall, A. donax showed a lesser capacity of bioaccumulationas well as a lesser efficiency of metal removal than T. latifolia. In contaminated aquatic ecosystems, the presence of T. latifolia may increase\nthe removal of heavy metals, thus, their introduction contributed to a possible actions of phytoremediation.

Though it is tiresome for human to concentrate constantly, several works require continuous alertness like efficient driving, learning, etc. In this work, a practical method is applied to investigate the concentration state from electroencephalographic (EEG) information of human brain. This research work investigates two different types of mental tasks (alphabet counting & virtual driving) based on continuous attention to monitor their alertness level. Alertness states of brain signal are classified with respect to resting state (resting with eyes open and eyes close) using artificial neural network (ANN). In addition with that we have proposed a novel idea to monitor the brain alertness from EEG signal that can be capable to identify the alertness state comparing resting state with simple statistical threshold. To conduct this research work, some participants were involved and they performed some tasks such as alphabet counting, virtual motor driving, resting with eyes open, and eyes close. During the performances of the aforementioned tasks, 9 channel EEG data were acquired from their scalps. The acquired data are filtered by IIR filter with reasonable order. The responsible channels for different tasks are selected by statistical method. The features of the signals were extracted by implanting principal component analysis (PCA) and discrete wavelet analysis (DWT) method for classification purpose. In addition with that, the relative power of responsible frequency band of EEG related to alertness is also classified from the other two resting conditions by statistical method, analysis of variance (ANOVA). From continuous signal monitoring results, it is found that beta relative power increases in a significant level that is good enough to differentiate the alertness state from the resting states. Both results from ANN and statistical method are too convincing to monitor the brain alertness. This work will be very helpful to maintain constant alertness for efficient driving or learning.

The peroxidase activity was significantly increased under the influence of insecticide treatments with increasing concentrations of treatments, 2.0 fold of the recommended doses of the common uses organophosphorus insecticides (Methidion, Acephate and Parathion) in Al-Hassa province. However, the significant interactions between insecticide and doses were observed at 20 days after spraying and then decreased after 40 days in treated plants compared with untreated plants. The most affecting insecticides were Parathion and Acephate, while Methidion pesticide was the lowest. However, the Parathion caused a highest peroxidase activity that reflected as intensity in electrophoresis gel and in concentration of peroxidase. The stress of organophosphate-insecticide in tomato plants was evaluated by the results of specific peroxidase activity in the treated tomato plants. The uses of electrophoresis and spectrophotometer approaches to measure the peroxidase allowed to assess different features of the enzymatic activity. These results, definite that, in addition to a great number of peroxidase enzyme isoforms and each isoform is activated depending on the chemical structure and properties of the insecticide. Thus the misuses of pesticides affects normal plant growth, which could result in reduction of yield or quality.