Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disease parenchyma destruction. Smoking is a major risk factor for this disease with frequent comorbidities. Osteoporosis is a common comorbidity in patients with COPD. Osteoporosis is characterized by lower bone density and changes in bone microarchitecture, leading to increased sensitivity and bone fractures occur. Fractures cause pain, further worsen already damaged pulmonary ventilation, reduced mobility and disability, and increased risk of thromboembolic disease, and even death. Osteoporosis in patients with COPD is probably evolving as the basis for both diseases there is systemic inflammation, but also because of the influence of inhaled tobacco smoke, reduced mobility of patients, vitamin D deficiency, lower body weight and older age. The use of systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of exacerbations of COPD increases the risk of developing osteoporosis. In addition, exacerbation of the intensification of inflammation, hypoxia and oxidative stress, as well as the imbalance between protease and anti-protease may contribute to increased bone resorption in patients with COPD. Osteoporosis can lead to kyphosis, which limits physical activity, leads to dyspnea, exacerbations and inadequate ventilation, which leads to a decrease in pulmonary function parameters. Osteoporosis can cause fractures that further limit movement, increasing the risk of thromboembolism and death. All of that have large impact on the quality of life COPD patients. Early prevention, timely diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis are very important for patients with COPD. It is necessary significantly increase awareness of the connection between these two diseases.
This research delves into the theory and practical applications of degenerate binomial and degenerate\nPoisson random variables. We investigate their utility in modeling scenarios characterized\nby dynamic shifts in success probabilities across trials or time. Through rigorous theoretical analyses\nand illustrative examples, we illuminate the nuanced probabilistic aspects of success and failure, especially in contexts where traditional models prove inadequate. Our work enriches the\nunderstanding of evolving success dynamics and presents a valuable modeling tool for addressing\ncomplexity in real-world phenomena.
On one hand with AI advances and media becoming increasingly digitalized, there is the hope of getting a more peaceful world as well as futuristic features that will advance social order, justice, and civilization. Yet, the media does not genuinely advance societies since it distorts them and manipulates all types of information, leading to a loss of confidence practically all around the world, and leading humanity to social alienation. Media narratives and applications take us back to ideas that have been forgotten in the depth of history and show us how they are used in a variety of visual mediums, from TV show scripts to blockbuster films. As a result, we miss the opportunity to be truly, cognitively, emotionally, artistically, creatively, aesthetically, and intellectually human. Technically speaking, the type of common law used between the 12th - 19th century among the nations and civilizations where German culture predominates, the phrase"Pandectic law" is used to characterize the structure that Roman law developed through doctrine and practice. People in India, the Middle East, Rome, and nearly all of Europe once used such types of judgments. With the adoption of new legal and ethical criteria, national and international laws were modernized, and Pandect law was forgotten. However, it is still possible to see the traces and application of Pandect Law in many modern time narratives, especially Snowpiercer, which is one of the important films showing the dystopic future of humanity. This study aims to provide the links to see how modern media is taking its core power from myths and earlier times and connecting them to the predicted future of humanity even in the age of digitalization and AI. Specifically, the paper aims to exemplify the links between the Pandect Law of the 12th century and famous television serials or blockbuster films such as Snowpiercer. Based on a descriptive approach, this study aims to analyze the images, TV series, and movies using both structural and semiotic analysis methodology.
Construction sector is always tough for successful completion of projects w.r.t. time, cost, quality and safety. Proper importance should be given to each of these parameters by project stakeholders. Without considering these parameters for planning in construction projects it is impossible to complete the project in a successful manner. Neglecting any of these parameters lead projects toward schedule delays and cost over-runs, poor quality, accidents and injuries. Hence there is crucial need to consider multi-parameters in planning for successful project management. Questionnaire survey was conducted by using key stakeholders as criteria i.e. client, consultant, contractor and user. Data was analyzed by using a novel approach designed by integrating two MCDM techniques i.e. Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (FTOPSIS). FAHP used to find criteria weightages, then prioritization done by using FTOPSIS on the basis of criteria weightages. Results indicated highest preference for quality with a closeness coefficient value 0.7507. Safety ranked on second with closeness coefficient of 0.746 and then time and cost with closeness coefficients 0.2414 and 0.1764 respectively. This research indicated safety consideration in planning as important as time, cost and quality for successful construction project management.
The study aims to spell out the impact of political instability on Sudan\'s economy during the period (1989 to July 2023). The results found that the political instability harmed the performance of the Sudan economy, due to the high military spending bill, and the low spending on social and economic development. Since no government (civilian or military from 1956-July 2023) successfully addressed the economic, political, and tribal disparities between the different regions of Sudan, the scope of armed conflict expanded to reach the Sudanese capital, Khartoum, on April 15, 2023, and moved to the Darfur region. The study recommends that politicians and policymakers the importance of strengthening political stability indicators through the equity distribution of power, wealth, and public resources to achieve balanced economic and social development in Sudan.
Malnutrition and heart diseases are common among kidney patients undergoing hemodialysis. A study was conducted to assess the dietary status and lipid profile of hemodialysis patients in Multan. A total of 60 subjects were taken from both sexes, out of which 30 subjects were on maintenance hemodialysis and 30 were healthy. Dietary status particularly estimated total caloric intake/day was assessed by using 24-hour dietary recall method and calculated with the help of Pakistan food composition database 2001. Blood samples were taken from arterio-venous fistula for lipid profile in hemodialysis patients before starting dialysis procedure and healthy subjects by vein puncturing. The results indicated that estimated intake of calories was lower than the recommended intake for hemodialysis patients as compared to healthy subjects. The serum cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) / low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels more than 95th percentile and high density lipoprotein (HDL) less than 40 mg/dL were defined as dyslipidaemia. In current study, common lipid abnormalities were noticed as slightly elevated cholesterol levels, hypertriglyceridemia, and decrease in HDL levels compared to healthy population. This study suggests that assessment of caloric intake/day and its management of hemodialysis patients play a central role in preventing the risk of malnutrition.
Successful aging is a multidimensional concept depending on the social and cultural contexts. The aim of this study was to to explore the state of successful aging experienced by elderly women in Iran. Thirty one women aged over 60 years, participated in semi-structured interviews. The interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis method. Three main categories including \"efficient role playing \", \"honor\" and \"integrity\" were obtained. Each category included a number of subcategories. Iranian successful elderly women possessed efficiency in role playing, honor, and integrity, despite threats faced during the course of time. Supporting the elderly to play efficient roles, protecting their dignity and being respect in family and society, and to provide favourable life conditions to protect inner and outer integrity could be some of effective actions in promoting the successful aging of women.
Objectives: The purpose of this research was to study the effects of eight weeks pre-operative prehabitation training on static and dynamic balance among female athletes with injured ACL. Methods: This semi-experimental study involved a 2-group (experimental & control group) pretest-post-test design. Subjects were Sixteen (9 control and 7 experimental) female athletes with injured ACL, that were chosen with available sampling method. The experimental group did the pre-operative prehabitation training program in the eight weeks and control group did not participate in any training program during this period. Static and dynamic balance, and lower body muscle strength were measured. The paired sample T test was used to compare pre and post-test results and independent sample T test achieved comparisons between the two groups. Results: The results indicated that static (with eyes opened and closed) and dynamic balance, and muscle strength were improved significantly (p < 0.05) in exercise group, but no significant change (p > 0.05) were found in control group. Also significant differences were found in improvement changes results between two groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Results of the study confirmed that eight weeks pre-operative prehabitation training can have a beneficial effect on improving static and dynamic balance among female athletes with injured ACL.
In this paper, we strived to explore the effects of thermocapillarity, presence of heat generation/absorption on flow and heat transfer for a MHD non-Newtonian Casson fluid over a stretching sheet with slip velocity in a thin liquid film. The transformed system of ordinary differential equations subject to the boundary conditions describing this phenomenon is solved numerically using fourth order Runge-Kutta integration scheme coupled with the shooting method. By numerical solutions, we could study the effects of slip velocity, thermocapillarity, heat generation/absorption, magnetic parameters and Prendalt number on the velocity, temperature, the local skin-friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number. This study was illustrated in graphics and tables form.
The estimation of a safe starting dose of a new substance, including medicinal plants, is a concern in clinical and laboratory studies. In addition to conventional methods, ancient medical references, used by ancient physicians for centuries, can be reliable sources to determine a safe human dose and be a basis for the initial dosage calculation in animal studies. This manuscript is intended to present the botanical name of some popular medicinal plants in traditional Persian medicine and convert the amounts specified in ancient sources to doses acceptable for use in clinical and laboratory studies so as to introduce a simple and reliable method for dosage calculation in medicinal plants.
Objectives: The incidence of multiple pregnancy in the industrialized countries due to the use of assisted reproductive technologies has increased over the past two decades. Pregnancy and multiple births are more dangerous than single pregnancies for mother and baby. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of multiple births and complications leading to hospitalization of them.\nMaterial and Methods: In a cross-sectional study with the census method sampling we assessed all multiple neonates hospitalized in Fatemieh hospital from September 2014 to September 2015 in terms of: gender, gestational age, birth weight, cause of hospitalization, therapeutic intervention, hospitalization outcome, use of reproductive technologies for pregnancy and delivery route. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS16 software.\nResults: Of 10581 deliveries during the study period, 351 was multiple pregnancy and 232 neonates hospitalized, average gestational age was 32 weeks, the mean birth weight 1789 g and the mortality rate 13.7%, respectively. The mean duration of hospitalization was11.36 days and most leading cause of their hospitalization were RDS (4/78%), Prematurity (8/63%), LBW & VLBW (4/56%).\nConclusion: Multiple births rate has increased over the past decade in the Hamadan province. The main causes of hospitalization, were prematurity and low birth weight and because of them, mortality rate was high.