Introduction: The COVID-19 outbreak since 2019 seriously affected both physical and mental health, making relief for long-term negative emotions a top priority. While dance behavior in physical education is known to alleviate negative emotions, few researchers explored its effect after sudden crises like COVID-19 and antecedents of sustained dance behavior, i.e., factors influencing dance self-efficacy under such specific conditions. This study conducts empirical research by distributing 307 questionnaires to dance school students from two universities in China and South Korea, aiming to address gaps in related fields and offer guidance to future researchers and practitioners.\n\nMethods: In this study, structural equation modeling was carried out using a questionnaire. Empirical data were collected separately from two universities in China and Korea to examine the relationship between the constructs. Theoretical framework construction utilized the stimulus-organism-response framework and social cognitive theory for an in-depth exploration of the psychological factors affecting dance self-efficacy and whether continuous dance behavior can alleviate negative emotions after a crisis.\n\nResults: The findings reveal that dance self-efficacy emerges as a crucial factor in sustaining individuals\' ongoing dance intentions, with dance activities positively impacting mood improvement. Both mastery experience and vicarious experience significantly influence dance self-efficacy, albeit with differing effects. Mastery experience positively enhances dance self-efficacy, while vicarious experience has a negative impact. Augmented feedback also affects dance self-efficacy, though to a lesser extent compared to the former two factors. In contrast, physiological and affective states differ from those in other disciplines as common sources for evaluating dance self-efficacy. Moreover, environmental factors influence dance self-efficacy in the aftermath of a crisis or external stimulus. \n\nDiscussion: This study extends the stimulus-organism-response framework and social cognitive theory to the context of physical education. It aims to reveal the antecedents of dance self-efficacy behavior in physical education activities and explore whether persistent dance activities after a sudden crisis have a soothing effect on emotions. The research results enrich the relevant literature on dance education and provide theoretical support and management inspiration for those engaged in physical education activities.

Contamination of dairy products with Staphylococcus aureus can be of animal or human origin. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence rate of S. aureus, to characterize virulence genes and antibiotic resistant genes of S.aureus strains and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of S. aureus isolated from raw cow milk. A total of 109 S. aureus were isolated from 232 row cow milk samples. All isolated strains were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes using PCR. Coa virulence gene (90.82% of isolates) was predominantly detected and 88 isolates carrying meticillin resistant (mecA) gene. Tetracycline and penicillin were also highly resistant in 99 (90.82%) and 98 (89.90%) of isolates. The finding of S. aureus and containing coa virulence gene and mecA gene in row cow milk in Iran may indicate a problem for public health in this region. Therefore, appropriated hygienic measures should be taken by consumers to reduce the risk posed by S. aureus in row cow milk.

Recently, Kim et al. studied the degenerate multi-Euler-Genocchi polynomials as degenerate\nversions of the multi-Euler-Genocchi polynomials and obtained some identities and properties\nof the those polynomials. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the multi-Bernoulli polynomials\nof the index (k1,k2, · · · ,kr), generalized degenerate multi-Bernoulli polynomials of the index\n(k1,k2, · · · ,kr) and investigate some identities and properties of them. Moreover, we investigate the\npattern of the root distribution of these polynomials.

The traditional use of eye contact or mutual gaze has been replaced by a limitation on an initially artificial view and creating ways of building the relationship between health professional and patient. Privacy on the Internet is quite vulnerable in Brazil. The humanization of medical practice becomes an essential approach to ensure the patient\'s well-being and to strengthen the doctor-patient relationship. For certain authors, this is one of the main characteristics of what they call the hypermodern or supermodern age. In health care, several initiatives related to humanization have emerged. The relationship between doctors and patients has evolved from a paternalistic model to a more interactive relationship. Several applications in medicine have occurred in the last years with the incorporation of equipment, techniques, and ways of learning. Technology allows health professionals to monitor and follow patients more effectively. Videoconferencing meetings are a way for physicians and patients to create or maintain a distance link, as well as other professional areas to engage in telehealth, medical education, and care management. Telehealth platforms have enabled consultation with specialists in diverse subspecialties and assessments that would require several hours of driving. This has allowed patients to access services and treatments they would not otherwise have had access to and helps us make quality care global. The adoption of telemedicine has increased rapidly over the past two decades and accelerated in the face of the need for healthcare assistance during the Covid-19 pandemic. Telemedicine is not only useful during global health crises. The superficiality so vaunted by those opposed to the evolution would be nothing more than a barrier that has been overcome with the increasing improvement of the technology in question. The health area has always been a precursor and exponent in the application of scientific and technological development. For this, rich experiences must be developed by the constant promotion and demonstration of the use of technology.

Background: Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals has been linked to ovarian pathologies. Exposure may start at any time of life from fetal stage to adulthood resulting in various health complications.Objectives: Compare concentration levels and association of benzopyrene, bisphenol A and genistein in ovarian tumor and control groups. Evaluate the predictive performance of benzopyrene, bisphenol A and genistein in patients.Methods: A case control study involving 30 ovarian tumor patients and 30 healthy controls participated in the study between January 2022 and December 2022. Urine was analyzed using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Descriptive analysis for normally distributed continuous variables was done. Endocrine disrupting chemicals levels assessed using Mann-Whitney test. Association of endocrine disrupting chemicals with ovarian tumors analyzed by binary logistic regression. Diagnostic performance of endocrine disrupting chemicals was analyzed using the ROC curve.Results: Mean years (SD) was 36.7 (7.90) and 28.8 years (4.89) for patients and controls respectively. Endometriomas had high incidence at 50%. Benzopyrene and bisphenol A was higher in patients, genistein was higher in controls. Benzopyrene and bisphenol A were significantly associated with ovarian tumors, incidence of ovarian tumors was positively correlated to EDCs, OR value 64.79 (P=0.005) for benzopyrene and 9.609 (P=0.001) for bisphenol A. Genistein was significantly negatively correlated with ovarian tumors, OR value of 0.153 (P=0.007). Diagnostic performance AUC for benzopyrene, bisphenol A and genistein reached 0.765 (P=0.0004), 0.769 (P=0.0003) and 0.649 respectively.Conclusion: Benzopyrene and bisphenol A might be predictive biomarkers or risk factors for ovarian tumors. Genistein may have preventive effects.

The eLearning teaching approach is a cost-effective alternative, however, in Cuban, medical physics learning programs it had not been implemented, until COVID-19 imposed the challenge of managing its introduction. This study showed the strategy to the knowledge management developed by the institution, to transform the face-to-face teaching-learning process to virtual, promoting the accelerated use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and the Moodle platform by teachers and, in turn, gradually facilitating the familiarization of the students with them, in an integrating and innovative process. Seven completely virtual courses were planned and developed under this platform, four of them belong to undergraduate programs: Introduction to Medical Physics subjects, and the rest were postgraduate courses (Introduction to Radiology Physics, Introduction to Radiotherapy Physics and Digital Processing of Medical images). All of them, were subjected to comprehensive quality assessment, which included comprehensive student surveys. The students defeated the objectives and evidenced the knowledge acquired in the different evaluations, demonstrating their acquired skills and applied them successfully in each topic. The quality assessment system of teaching activities implemented, showed satisfactory results and pointed out some aspects to improve. The digitalization of education is a strength and an effective alternative, which demands innovative teaching-learning strategies, since it constitutes an opportunity for the future, for the management and the optimal use of resources.

Introducción: el trabajo puede entenderse como una actividad social que influye en la vida de la población y que tiene un efecto positivo en la satisfacción de las necesidades básicas de los trabajadores, pero también puede causar enfermedad. El enfermero ocupacional debe considerar los factores socioculturales que impactan en la salud de la población trabajadora, estableciendo una estrategia de atención Objetivo: reportar la experiencia de estudiantes de enfermería en uno Departamento de Salud Ocupacional, de una universidad pública estatal brasileña. Desarrollo: relato de experiencia describiendo aspectos vividos por dos estudiantes de enfermería en un sector de seguimiento de la salud de los trabajadores de una universidad estatal, entre agosto de 2019 y febrero de 2020, en base a las actividades de recolección de datos desarrolladas en un proyecto de iniciación científica. Conclusión: la inserción en el servicio permitió el reconocimiento del desempeño e interacción con el equipo multiprofesional, en el desarrollo de procesos administrativos y acciones para promover la salud y prevenir enfermedades en el trabajo. Se reconoce el aporte a las reflexiones y discusiones en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, además del desarrollo del pensamiento crítico y el conocimiento involucrado en las habilidades del futuro enfermero.

The Routledge Handbook of Second Language Acquisition and Psycholinguistics is a groundbreaking publication that delves into the intricate realm where linguistics, cognitive psychology, and applied linguistics converge. Designed for those with a keen interest in understanding the mental processes and architecture involved in acquiring additional languages, this comprehensive handbook offers an extensive survey of the latest research in the field.

Background: Iranian health sector encountered many challenges in resource allocation and health service purchasing during the past decades, the present study deals with the complete content analysis of the relevant national resources from 2007 to 2014 to categorize the main challenges of the present process of health service purchasing for national policymakers.\nMethods:It was a qualitative study which is carried out via the qualitative document analysis. In order to retrieve the related documents, we searched the official websites related to the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, four main Iranian insurance organizations, the Health Committee of the Parliament Profile, strategic vice president’s site and Supreme Insurance Council. After recognition of documents, their credibility and authenticity were evaluated in terms of their publication or adjustment. For the analysis of documents in this study the four step-Scott method was used applying MAXQDA version 10.\nResults:Findings illustrated that health service purchase challenges in the country can be classified in 6 main themes of policy-making, executive, intersectional, natural, legal and informational challenges with 26 subthemes. Furthermore, 5 themes of Basic Benefit Package, Reimbursement, Decision making, Technology and Contract are considered as the main Challenges in pharmaceutical purchasing area containing 13 relevant subthemes. \nConclusions:It seems that according to documents, Iran has faced many structural and procedural problems in the purchase of the best health interventions. So it is highly recommended to consider consequences derived from the present challenges and try to use these evidences in their policy making process in order to decrease the existed problems and move to better procurement of health interventions.

GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA\n\nT. A. ODETAYO, Ph.D.\nDepartment of Accountancy,\nOsun State Polytechnic, Iree. Nigeria\ne-mail: [email protected]\n \n And\nA.Z. ADEYEMI\nDepartment of Accountancy,\nOsun State Polytechnic, Iree. Nigeria\n\n\n \n Abstract\nThe study examined impact of government expenditure on economic growth with the aid of secondary data obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria for the period of 1978 to 2015. Augmented Dickey Fuller and Philips-Perron Statistic tests were used to check stationarity of the variables employed. Johansen co-integration technique was employed to test long run relationship of the variables. Error Correction Model (ECM) was used to examine the effect of government expenditure on economic growth. The study revealed that there is a long run relationship between government expenditure and economic growth. Furthermore, total recurrent expenditure, total expenditure on defence and total expenditure on agriculture have significant positive impact on economic growth. On contrary, total capital expenditure, total expenditure on health and total expenditure on education have negative impact on economic growth. Based on these findings, the study recommended that government should increase its revenue through diversification of nation’s economy in order to have adequate funds to spend on social infrastructure, which would spur economic growth. In addition, government needs to raise expenditure on major core sectors like health and education to enhance the economic growth activities in Nigeria.\n\nKeywords: Government Expenditure; Economic Growth; Recurrent Expenditure; Capital Expenditure; Nigeria.

Study Background: Flunitrazepam, Tramadol and Codeine are irrationally used as energy booster, psychoactives and as recreational drugs apart from their normal applications to relieve pains (Tramadol and Codeine), cough (Codeine) or as sedative (Flunitrazepam). High doses could induce inflammatory and acute phase responses Aim and objectives: This work was designed to determine the Immunological Effect of low and High Doses of Tramadol, Codeine and Flunitrazepam on fasting Plasma Total Bile Acid, Cortisol (Anti-inflammatory Agent) and Cortisol Binding Globulin (Acute Phase Protein) in rabbits given normal and high doses. Materials and Methods: The subjects include thirty five (35) male rabbits weighed 0.8kg-1.3kg. grouped into control (Group A ; 5 rabbits on normal meal and water without drugs), 5 rabbits given 15mg/kgBW of Tramadol per 24hrs (Group B1), 100mg/kgBW of Tramadol per 24hrs (Group B2), 10mg/kgBW of Codeine per 24hrs (Group C1), 100mg/kgBW of Codeine per 24hrs (Group C2), 0.5 mg/kgBW of Flunitrazepam (D1) and 5mg/kgBW of Flunitrazepam (D2). Early morning fasting Plasma Cortisol. Total Bile Acid(TBA) and Cortisol Binding Globulin were determined immunochemically by ELISA and spectrophotometry. Result: The result obtained from this work showed a significantly lower plasma value of cortisol in rabbits given 100mg/kgBW of tramadol per 24hrs for 14 days and also in the rabbits given 100mg/kgBW of Codeine per 24hrs for 14 days compared with the control rabbits on normal meal and water without drug administration with p<0.05. There was a significantly lower plasma value of cortisol binding globulin in rabbits given 100mg/kgBW of tramadol per 24hrs for 14 days compared with the control rabbits and those given 15mg/kgBW of tramadol per 24hrs for 14 days with p<0.05.There was a significantly higher plasma value of Total bile acid in rabbits given 100mg/kgBW of tramadol per 24hrs for 14 days than the rabbits administered with 15mg/kgBW of tramadol per 24hrs for 14 days and when compared with normal control rabbits with p<0.05 There was significantly higher plasma value of Total bile acid in rabbits given 100mg/kgBW of codeine per 24hrs for 14 days than the rabbits administered with 10mg/kgBW of codeine per 24hrs for 14 days and when compared with normal control rabbits with p<0.05. Conclusion: High Doses of Tramadol (100mg/kgBW) and Codeine (100mg/kgBW) could trigger inflammatory responses which could alter the plasma levels of Total Bile Acid (TBA), cortisol (glucocorticoid anti-stress and anti-inflammatory hormone) and cortisol binding globulin (Cortisol storage protein and a negative acute phase protein). Measurement of cortisol and globulin binding globulin in those addicted to the drug will tremendously improve on the management of possible Tramadol and Codeine induced toxicity and inflammation.

Study Background; Gluconeogenesis involves formation of glucose from the breakdown of protein to form glycogenic amino acid and lipid such as triglyceride to generate glycerol which is further utilized for the formation of glucose. Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) leaf has some non-scientific but traditional health benefit claims such as in the treatment of diabetes and hypertension. Aim and Objective; This work was designed to determine the evidence of Gluconeogenesis in rabbits given ypung cashew leaf extract using Plasma Value of Cortisol, Glycerol, Cortisol Binding Globulin Glucose, Total Triglyceride and Total Bile Acid. Materials and Methods; 10 rabbits of the same sex weighing 1.0-1.2Kg grouped into A1 (5 rabbits fed with normal meal and water only for 7 days), A2 (A1 rabbits given 500mg/KgBW of ethanolic extract for another seven days) and B1 (5 rabbits fed with normal meal and water only for 7 days), B2 (A1 rabbits given 500mg/KgBW of aqueous extract for another seven days). Plasma cortisol, glycerol, cortisol binding globulin, glucose, total triglyceride and total bile acid were measured biochemically using auto-analysis, ELISA and colorimetric techniques. Result: The result obtained showed a significantly higher plasma value of cortisol, Glycerol and a significantly lower mean plasma value of Glucose and Total Triglyceride in rabbits (A2 and B2) given 500mg/KgBW of ethanolic or aqueous extract for seven days compared with the values of these parameters obtained in the same rabbits when they were fed with normal meal and water only for 7days (A1 and B1) with p<0.05. Conclusion: This work reviled possible evidence of gluconeogenesis as indicated by the significant biochemical alterations the plasma values of cortisol, glycerol, glucose and total triglyceride with respect to changes in their plasma level before and after the supplementation of the extract of young cashew (Anacardium occidentale) leaf

Study Background; Cnidoscolous aconitifolius leaf ( Chaya; Efo Iyana ipaja in Yoruba language) is a common vegetable plant served as sauce and has many traditional health benefit claims such as treatment of alcoholism, insomnia, gout, scorpion stings, memory and vision impairment owing to its phytochemical and phytonutrient constituents Aim and Objectives: This work was designed to determine the cholesterol lowering effect of Cnidoscolous aconitifolius in rabbits induced with hypercholesterolemia using egg yolk. Materials and Methods: fifteen (15) rabbits grouped into 3 major classes of 5 rabbits each has A (Control rabbits given only normal meal and water), B1 (5 rabbits give 20% egg yolk of normal meal and water for 7 days), B2 (B1 given 400mg/kgBW of ethanolic extract of Cnidoscolous aconitifolius leaf after egg yolk containing meal), C1 5 rabbits give 20% egg yolk of normal meal and water for 7 days), C2 (C1 given 400mg/kgBW of aqueous extract of Cnidoscolous aconitifolius leaf after egg yolk containing meal). Plasma Total cholesterol(CHOL-T), Low Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),Total Triglycerides(TG-T), High Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were evaluated in the rabbits by autoanalysis using ROCHE reagent on COBAS C111 autoChemistry analyzer. Result: There was a significant increase in the plasma CHOL-T, LDL-C, TG-T, and HDL-C in the rabbits given 20% of powdered egg yolk of the total meal weight and water for seven days compared with the control rabbits (p<0.05). There was also a significant decrease in the plasma value of CHOL-T, LDL-C and TG-T when the hypercholesterolemic rabbits (B1 and C1) were supplemented with 400mg/kgBW of ethanolic and aqueous of extract Cnidoscolous aconitifolius leaf for 7days (B2 and C2) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Induction of hypercholesterolemia using 20% egg yolk of normal meal and water resulted into a significant increase in plasma value of CHOL-T, LDL-C, TG-T, and HDL-C while supplements of 400mg/kgBW of ethanolic and aqueous extract of Cnidoscolous aconitifolius leaf for 7days significantly reduced the plasma value of CHOL-T, LDL-C and TG-T in the hypercholesterolemic rabbits.

The primary condition for achieving the goals in a strategic vision is to use a tool for monitoring and evaluation of results. It is generally agreed today that one of the most important constituents of sustainable development, is to put in place a long-term national development plan (Sometimes called National Vision). These national development strategies are naturally long-term (i.e. a twenty or thirty-year nation vision). General goals regarding sustainable development and its individual components should be implemented and more importantly, supervised by a steering committee or simply the leadership. In this paper, strategic visions of three Asian nations of Malaysia, Singapore and Iran will be addressed using a comparative study method. \nIn Malaysia, implementation of one-year and five-year plans are being used as Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) tools to assess and track the progress toward the objectives of \"Vision 2020\". Researchers in charge of the Vision 2020 suggest a model which monitors and evaluates the goals in three different levels: long-term vision, mid-term plans (five-year plans) and one-year plans. This model can be implemented by developing countries. Finally, it is suggested that the responsibility to evaluate and monitor the implementation of the strategic vision and long-term and mid-term programs deserves to be done by an institution that includes the organization of planning and management with a set of specialists in strategic management. This model can be used by developing countries such as Iran in order to evaluate and monitor the national goals in mid and long-term.