The current English language curriculum in primary and secondary schools in Turkey has been framed by The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) in an endeavour to bring in a more communication-oriented perspective on language education. This study aimed to evaluate the CEFR framed curriculum from the perspectives of teachers who apply it in the classroom. An exploratory sequential mixed method research design, which encompassed a 40-item questionnaire (100 participants), a 25-item semi-structured interview (6 secondary and 3 primary school teachers), and document analysis, was employed in primary and secondary schools in Sultanbeyli, Umraniye, and Besiktas districts of Istanbul. The results showed that lack of knowledge about the CEFR and the contextual factors such as overcrowded classrooms and limited class contact hours greatly affected the implementation phase of the curriculum. It was also revealed that there is a remarkable mismatch between the language education policy (communication-oriented) and the classroom practices (exam-oriented). The findings of this study implied that teachers need ongoing in-service training about the CEFR framed curriculum to enhance their understanding of the implementation of its principles in the classroom. The implications of the study, most notably the need for well-tailored in-service training, are also discussed.

This study established the most meaningful causal model for explaining the influence of undergraduate students� personality and self-concept on their test-anxiety towards measurement and evaluation course. We adopted correlation research design in conducting the study. The participants consist of 150 final year undergraduate students in the Faculty of Education drawn using multistage sampling procedure. The instruments titled: Students� Personality Trait Questionnaire (SPTQ); Students� Self-Concept Questionnaire (SCQ), and Students Test-Anxiety Questionnaire (STAQ) were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SEM-PLS applying the WarpPls software. Results generated a meaningful causal model for explaining the influence of undergraduate students� personality and self-concept on their test anxiety towards measurement and evaluation course. The measurement model showed a high level of validity and reliability. Results further showed that 12 paths had a significant direct influence on the endogenous variables in the model. Most indirect paths showed no significant influence on the endogenous variables. It was recommended that university students form positive personality traits and self-concept to reduce their test-anxiety level.

The paper presents the method of cooperative learning and points to its positive effects in mathematics instruction. The aim of the paper was to determine whether this learning method improves educational achievements of students in initial mathematics instruction. To that end, experimental research was carried out on the sample of students from the fourth grade of a primary school (N = 243). The obtained research results show that the achievements of the students who were exposed to the cooperative learning method in mathematics instruction are statistically much more significant than those of the students who were exposed to traditional frontal instruction.

Constructivist learning theory focuses on the interaction between knowledge and situations. Virtual reality technology is widely used in the field of education because it can present realistic scenes, has the characteristics of interactivity, immersion, and imagination, and has good teaching effects. However, whether the characteristics of virtual reality technology are accepted by learners and affect learners\' willingness to use them has yet to be confirmed by research. Therefore, this paper builds a research model based on the characteristics of virtual reality and technology acceptance theory, selects college students who have experience using virtual reality as the survey object, collects data through on-site questionnaires, and then analyzes and verifies the data. The results confirmed that the characteristics of virtual reality technology (interactivity, immersion, and imagination) have a positive impact on perceived usefulness and ease of use and thus affect users\' intentions to use. This study increases people\'s understanding of virtual reality and provides reference for the development of virtual technology and the construction of virtual platforms.

Abstract\nBackground: Educational costs throughout the world is increasing and traditional cost management systems, which report educational costs, are out of date today and cannot fulfill the health care managements’ objectives. Nevertheless educational cost is important for health education budget and cost management functions. The major purpose of this article is to introduce and apply a contemporary cost management technique known as the “activity-based costing (ABC) to calculate the cost of education accurately, eliminate the shortcomings of the traditional methods, and provide a potent tool for management decision makings. It also provides empirical evidence in this domain.\nMethods: In order to follow the homogeneity concept, being able to compare the results more meaningfully, and provide vivid evidence in a developing country, 4 paramedical schools in Iran (Shiraz, Darab, Estahban and Mamasani) were selected as a population of the study and ABC was applied step by step. The data required was gathered from accrual accounting system, payroll system, educational deputy system called SAMA, list of paid salaries, information received from schools, and interviews conducted at the university headquarter in order to determine the appropriate indicators for allocating costs.\nResults: The results of the study using ABC showed that Associate degree had the lowest and Master\'s Degree had the highest average of education costs. In addition, the share of overhead is about 64% out of the total education costs and is high. Correlation coefficient, and Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the education costs of each student are significantly different for practical and theoretical courses. The share of theoretical courses in education cost of student is three times higher than that of practical courses. There is also a significant difference in the education costs of each student between different educational degrees, so that the average education cost for each student in master\'s degree significantly were higher than other educational degrees. There is no significant difference in the education costs of each student between different fields of the study and different schools.\nConclusion: ABC is useful technique for educational cost determinations and health management systems. In the future, in should be used for determining operating budgets as well.

Millions of people have been infected by the COVID-19 pandemic that is still going on, overwhelming the health infrastructures. In most infected cases, the common symptoms are Fever, Cough, Sore throat, muscle pain, headache, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea, which are pretty much the same as the symptoms of the common flu in mild and moderate cases. The distinguishing signs of common flu from that of COVID-19 are invisible until the patient starts feeling shortness of breath when the infection attacks the respiratory system in severe cases. At this stage, the patient requires immediate medical attention and hospitalization. In developing countries where the health facilities are not adequate and costlier radiological tests like computed tomography (CT)-scan are scarce, diagnosis becomes a challenging task. The clarity comes only when a COVID-19 test is conducted, which has its own time limitations depriving the patient of specialized treatment until the patient tests positive. With a lack of medical infrastructure and only a few specialized radiologists available, identifying COVID-19 induced pneumonia cases with the assistance of chest X-rays is more difficult in remote rural areas. The study is aimed to utilize chest X-rays to detect COVID-19-induced Pneumonia. The datasets used in this study includes images of infected individuals X-ray of the Chest as well as NORMAL non-COVID X-Ray images of Chest. A lightweight stacked ‘Convolutional Neural Network’ was created in this study to extract fine details and characteristics from images, assisting in the detection of COVID-19 induced Pneumonia cases. Hundreds of Chest -X-Rays were utilized to validate the established Neural Network and to determine the accuracy of the proposed network. The proposed Neural Network\'s average test accuracy was found to be 98.76 percent, with per-class accuracy of 99.40 percent to detect cases of COVID-19 and 98.42 percent for detecting NORMAL cases.

The research study tries to understand the importance of experiential learning to enhance the performance of Higher Education institutes (HEIs). Also, the study tries to understand the role of academic management (AC) in terms its culture (AC), environment (AE) and operations (AO) along with the student employability. Experiential learning experience (ELE) has a strong impact on the performance of the HEIs especially student engagement (SE), which plays a major role followed by student satisfaction (SS) and student learning assessment (LA). Academic Management through student experiential learning experience plays an important role to enhance the performance of HEIs in terms of student, employer and sustainability perspectives.

Spanish and Chinese are two of the most spoken languages in the world. An analysis of the language pair gives significant importance to linguistic studies. Likewise, a comparative study for Spanish and Chinese reveals the discourse similarities and differences between them. However, at the current stage, researches address the discourse analysis only explore the discourse differences between the two languages. None of them pays attention to the discourse similarities of the language pair. Therefore, based on a Spanish-Chinese parallel corpus, taking Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST) as the framework, our research analyses the discourse similarities between Spanish and Chinese. The analysis results can help the Spanish-Chinese language learning tasks.

Abstract\nBackground: Under conditions of inclusive education, students with health limitations (HL), in particular, children with neurological and mental disorders, have the opportunity to study at a general school. The goal of this study was to assess the possibility of using analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) as a relatively simple tool for evaluation of the adaptive resources in students with mental disorders and for early detection of dysfunctions in the neuroregulatory mechanisms in healthy students. \nMethods: We compared the spectral parameters of HRV and peripheral blood pressure in healthy adolescents (n = 70) and adolescents with neuropsychiatric disorders (n = 58). Electrocardiogram was recorded for 2 minutes in a sitting posture under conditions of a functional stress test (wearing a spirometric mask, with voluntary breathing – a model of mild hypercapnia / hypoxia). \nResults: Compared to healthy schoolchildren, adolescents with mental disorders demonstrated a high total power of the HRV spectrum, an increased absolute and relative high-frequency power (HF, 0.15–0.4 Hz), and a decreased LF (low frequency) / HF ratio. Health-limited adolescents had higher peripheral blood pressure and baroreflex sensitivity, while the total power and LF spectral power of systolic blood pressure variability were reduced. The revealed differences were observed mainly in boys.\nConclusions: The presented data demonstrate an increased vagal tone in adolescents with mental disabilities. Our findings support the idea that HRV can be used in schools to identify risk groups by vulnerability to mental disorders. However, for correct application of this method and correct interpretation of the results, an extensive database on HRV reactivity in healthy schoolchildren and children with health limitations is required.

The sustainable development of any nation today depends largely on the quality of education provided for her citizens. The teacher is vital to the success of any educational system aimed at ensuring that individuals contribute maximally to sustainable national development. The paper sought to identify what would be considered as functional education in the year 2020. This paper also identifies specific additional roles of the teacher in providing functional education in view of the dynamic needs of the nation especially with globalization which include: learning facilitator, provoker of curiosities and motivator, digital instructor, a digital resource provider and a promoter of engagements and collaboration. The paper also made the following recommendations; teachers must recognize the changing roles of teachers and commit to continuous self development to enable them fit fully into a functional educational system, employment and re-training of adequate number of well-qualified and dedicated teachers by the government and government at all levels should show its commitment and political-will to ensuring functional education through its funding, policy making, supervision and monitoring of educational projects and programmes.

The links between self-reported multiple intelligences, emotional intelligence, and psychological wellbeing are under-researched, even though a lot of studies investigated the essential factors related to intelligence and wellbeing. The purpose of this research was to examine associations between self-reported multiple intelligences, emotional intelligence, and psychological wellbeing in the Lithuanian youth sample. This study applied the Multiple Intelligences Profiling Questionnaire (Tirri, Nokelainen & Komulainen, 2013), the Flourishing Scale (Diener et al., 2010), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985), the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (Diener, Wirtz, Tov, Kim-Prieto, Choi, Oishi, & Biswas-Diener, 2009), and the Rotterdam Emotional Intelligence Scale (Pekaar et al., 2018). We hypothesized that latent variable of self-reported multiple intelligences, which consists of 7 sub-dimensions (linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal) will be associated to the latent variable of psychological wellbeing, which consists of three sub-dimensions of satisfaction with life, flourishing, and positive emotions, and the latent variable of emotional intelligence, which consists of four sub-dimensions of self-focused emotion appraisal, other-focused emotion appraisal, self-focused emotion regulation, and other-focused emotion regulation. The study revealed strong positive associations between the study variables, and the fit of the model on associations between the variables was good: χ2 = 123.916; DF = 71; TLI =.931; NFI =.900; RMSEA= .036 [.025-.046]; CFI =.953, Standardized RMR = .0501. In this study, emotional intelligence was significantly stronger related to interpersonal, but not intrapersonal intelligence. However, these findings suggest necessity for longitudinal or experimental design.