In the educational context, digital inclusion aims to ensure that students, teachers, and operational technicians have the means and training to access, use, produce and distribute information and knowledge, since technology has presented itself as a key factor for social and economic development. Based on a systematic literature review, with the support of the content analysis software ATLAS.ti®, this study aimed to propose a framework for the formulation of high-performance digital inclusion policies in Brazilian public universities, guided by the Ecology of Games theory and the OKRs. As main results, the evolution of the scientific discourse on digital exclusion was presented, identifying categories and subcategories of key criteria for digital inclusion, which gave rise to the proposed framework. The pillars of the policies are based on the association of key criteria identified in the study, duly prioritized, so that technological planning and the articulation of policies can be made, guided by the Ecology of Games and by the OKRs. About the limitations of the research, these are essentially related to the intrinsic characteristics of the method. For future research, it is suggested that aspects recommended in the framework be evaluated, such as: access; digital skills; psychological and sociodemographic.

The genealogical and geographical origins of the Seven Brothers have been the subject of scholarly arguments for over a millennium. Some assert they belonged to the Al-Ḥārith tribe from Oman, others argue that they migrated from the Al-Aḥsā region of the Arabian Peninsula (Jizīrāt Al-’Arab). Few contemporaneous documents exist that shed clear light on the question of the origins of the Seven Brothers. However, the impact and influence of their migration to the East coast of Africa at the beginning of the 4th century CE/10th century AD, is considered one of the most important Arab migrations to the region. The migration and settlement of the Seven Brothers indelibly transformed the Banādīr coast; culturally, economically, politically, religiously and socially. This paper explores the key questions regarding the origins of the Seven Brothers and their founding of a unique, sophisticated Arabo-African civilisation that facilitated subsequent Arab Muslim migrations to the Banādīr coast.

Postgraduate education plays a pivotal role in cultivating international talents and postgraduate students should be equipped with solid and comprehensive foreign language skills for international exchanges. Thus, foreign language courses designed for postgraduate students are of vital significance. The Production-oriented Approach advocates the Learning-centred Principle and underlines “learning while using” and “integrating learning and using”, which can meet students’ needs for foreign languages in their specific disciplines. The present paper, based on the teaching hypothesis of “driving-input-enabling” and with Spanish as its carrier, conducts descriptive research on the course of Legal Spanish from the perspectives of “output-driven”, “input-enabled”, and “output-assessment”, in order to explore effective ways of teaching Spanish for special purposes.

This study aimed to determine the effects of nature-inspired blended learning on middle school students\' scientific interest and learning flow. Nature-inspired learning classes were conducted in a blended learning environment incorporating online classes to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. The research subjects were 38 middle school students (19 in the experimental group and 19 in the control group) in X Middle School, Seoul. In the case of the experimental group, class materials were uploaded on the online platform, real-time discussions were conducted in two directions, and face-to-face experiments and worksheet activities were conducted at the front school in October 2020. Although the control group also posted class materials online, the class focused on theoretical learning. The data were validated by the difference between the averages of the t-tests of the two independent groups. The results confirmed that nature-inspired blended learning is effective in improving scientific interest and learning flow in middle school students. Even in non-face-to-face or blended learning environments, interaction with other students effectively increases students\' interest and engagement than providing theoretical lessons. Checking students\' individual learning outcomes through online group meetings and understanding their learning progress can improve science interest and learning flow.

The general population’s understandings about female terrorism are influenced by gender stereotypes, which have the power to create inaccurate understandings of how women are contributing to terrorism. By utilizing a mixed-methods research approach, this investigation reinforced the idea that predisposed assumptions about women marginalize them to specific gender roles. Subsequently, these gender roles end up transferring to the general population’s understanding of terrorist activity. This investigation highlighted influential stereotypes regarding women that continue to portray females as unlikely terrorist threats. The results of this study are essential because they demonstrated how the public’s perception contributes to the ways in which public policies are drafted and implemented. The results of this study can be used as the basis for identifying new policies to combat terrorist threats by shedding light on these phenomena and removing the influence of biases towards terrorism strictly based on their gender.\n\n 

This paper presents an analysis of the qualitative methodology used in research in Education, and particularly, in Mathematics Education, from the perspective of research on Teacher Training and Professional Development. Professional development considers not only the intellectual aspect, but also the different ways and languages through which subjects learn and build their identities, their ways of being in the world, in contact with other people, with the environment, and with society. In the analysis developed in this article, the articulation between teacher training and teaching professional development is configured because they are processes that intertwine in the trajectory of teaching professionalization, which is conceived as a process of identity construction for teachers. From a bibliographic research, of qualitative nature, having as theoretical and methodological framework the investigations of Marli André (2013, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1995) and Carlos Marcelo (2009a, 2009b), it was possible to understand the relationship between teacher training and development in the intentionality of the educational matrixes that permeate these processes. The established debate urges researchers to face the challenges established in the constitution of the teaching work by the new educational conditions experienced in contemporary society.

This study presents an engineeringly improved image-based steganography method to secure the personal shares generated within counting-based secret sharing. The share keys are normally produced without giving participants any preference for remembrance making involving this steganography as applicable tool for this challenge. This research adjusts the image steganography redistribution to embed share keys tested on colour stego-covers. The proposed method ensured that the shares hiding least-significant-bits locations differ within images to increase the level of practicality. The paper experimentation performance analysis show that this improved stego-image capacity is averagely better 33% than other steganography XOR oriented schemes as well as enhanced 67% over previous Steganography octagon approaches. Interestingly, these capacity improvements didn’t degrade the robustness and security of the system, motivating this research to be an opening direction for future coming improvements.

The aim of the study was to investigate the role of the branch of sports in moral decision-making. The universe of the study comprised all athletes (n=410) actively involved in sports in 10 different fields in the province of Balıkesir, Turkey. As for the study sample, it consisted of a total of 200 athletes. The study used the scale “Development of the Attitudes to Moral Decision-making in Youth Sport Questionnaire” developed by Lee et al. (2007) and adapted to Turkish by Gürpınar (2014a). In data analysis the frequency, min-max values and one-way Anova test were used. \nThe athletes had the highest mean value in the sub-dimension acceptance of cheating and the lowest in the sub-dimension acceptance of gamesmanship. It was found that athletes in the age groups of 11-12 and 13-14 kept winning in proportion.\nIt was determined that attitudes of moral decision-making varied according to the branch of sports.

Life is full of conflicts. It is impossible to imagine a person’s way of life in society without all kinds of contradictions. Conflicts and conflicts can be encountered throughout life, at any age, anywhere, in any situation. Conflicts can occur at home, at school, on the street, between students, between parents and children, between an employee and his or her supervisor, and between team members. Conflicts are usually when people are together for a long time, that is, when they are in psychological and emotional contact with each other for a long time, when they are forced to be together for a certain period of time.

The rapid outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic was just sudden and dramatic. The current study aimed to identify the challenges facing pre-service English teachers while teaching online classes during schools closure due to covid-19 in the spring 2020 and the lessons learned for teacher education. Data were collected through multiple methods, namely semi-structured interviews, with five English pre-service teachers. Inductive and deductive analysis followed, and the study found the followings:1) there are six significant challenges faced by pre-service English teachers: a) nature of remote teaching, b) content delivery and limit, c) teaching styles, d) online assessment methods, and e) students’ interests and differences; 2) pre-service teachers felt lost, anxious, and enter survival stage; 3) focusing on effective integration of technology and developing more aspects of teachers’ competence are just some of the lessons learned for teacher education. The study offers some lessons learned from the novel experience for researchers, teachers and other educational personnel.

This research communication reports a computational study of mixed convection towards a stretched surface with a Carreau-Yasuda model (non-Newtonian fluid). A Carreau-Yasuda model, acceptable for numerous non-Newtonian models, is utilized to illustrate the behavior of both shear thinking and thinning liquids. The energy and concentration equations are developed using the concept of law of conservations of energy and mass in the presence of thermal radiation, Soret and Dufour effects, viscous dissipation and activation energy. Total entropy rate depends on four different types of irreversibilities, i.e., thermal, Joule heating, fluid friction, mass and calculated through second law of thermodynamics. Convective boundary conditions is imposed at the boundary for both heat and mass transport. The governing equations are transformed into ordinary ones via appropriate similarity transformations and numerical results are obtained through Built-in-Shooting method. The pertinent flow parameters for the problem are mixed convection parameter, Soret and Dufour parameters and activation parameter. The impact to the constitutive non-Newtonian fluid (Carreau-Yasuda model) on the velocity, temperature, concentration, entropy generation rate, skin friction and heat transfer rate is discussed in detail. The obtained results are compared with previous published research articles and good agreement is found. The results reveal that temperature increases against higher values of Dufour parameters.

This research presents results of a Systematic Literature Review of articles involving Scientific Practices in Science Education. 44 articles from Science Education journals published in the last ten years (2010-2019) were analyzed from four databases: ERIC, Scielo, Scopus and Web of Science. The objectives were: I) To identify publications involving Scientific Practices in Science Education; II) To synthesize the characteristics of these publications; and III) To critically analyze research trends. For this, a qualitative investigation was carried out with the analytical procedures guided by Bardin\'s Content Analysis (2011) and the methodological procedures according to Okoli (2015). As a result it was identified that only 38.6% of the articles presented Scientific Practices as the main focus, having the term in the objectives or research questions. There is a need for more research that discusses the issue in more depth, bringing it as the main research focus. Most articles (59.1%) are from North America. Despite this, 40.9% involved other countries in Europe, South America, Asia, Oceania, and Africa, characterizing Scientific Practices as a topic of international repercussion. The interest in research involving Scientific Practices has increased in recent years, mainly from the second half of the decade. There is a tendency for theoretical research (25%) and 84% of the articles cited references to discuss Scientific Practices. Among the most cited references, the NRC (2012) and NGSS (2013) stand out in 67.6% and 45.9% of the articles, respectively. A list of references prior to 2012 is also identified, which may indicate the constitution or transformation of the concept of Scientific Pratice in the field. Through the results it is possible to note that there are still gaps to be investigated, evidenced by the small number of articles that deepen the discussions in each of the Scientific Practices and investigate the context of pre-service teacher education. Research in this context is relevant, since Science teaching supported by Scientific Practices is more easily promoted with intentional instruction in the initial training of teachers.

The article describes the methodology for processing bone waste of agricultural animals, in particular bones formed at meat processing plants. The results of the study of the process of transformation of highly dispersed bone tissue in the presence of a technical protease with collagenolytic activity are presented. A protein product was ob-tained, the introduction of which into the standard feed ration of animals in an amount of 50% of the total protein content, promotes a uniform increase in the weight of ex-perimental individuals, which were laboratory rats, during the entire observation period. The total weight gain in the experimental animals was 50 ... 60%, and in the rats receiv-ing the developed supplement, the weight gain was 10 ... 15% more than in the intact individuals.\nIt was shown that the obtained protein product does not cause negative reactions from the immune component of the blood, while there is a pronounced tendency to in-crease protein catabolism. No pronounced effect on the functional activity of the liver of the experimental animals was also observed. It has been shown that the developed ani-mal bone tissue feed additive has a higher biological value in comparison with the stan-dard vivarium ration, which may be promising for obtaining biologically complete nu-tritional systems.